Development of the concept of anatomical constancy: Part 1.

Three developmental levels in the acquisition of anatomical constancy were identified in a group of children between 2 and 5 years of age on the basis of (a) a reproducible Guttman scale (the Anatomical Constancy Scale) of answers to sets of questions and (b) performance on specific tasks. The three levels that represent operationalized dimensions of the concept of anatomical constancy entail (a) the integration of part images of the body into a whole body image, (b) the establishment of a cohesive and inviolable body image, and (c) the capacity to retain a sense of the body's continuity over time. Transitions from one level to the next reflect advances in the formation of psychic structure. The results of this study indicate that the body image undergoes systematic changes as it develops into a constant, cohesive and inviolable whole. As children get older or acquire specific cognitive capacities, their body images become increasingly stable, cohesive, and continuous. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Learning and Retrieval of Concurrently Presented Spatial Discrimination Tasks: Role of the Fornix.

In macaque monkeys (Macaco mulatta), memory for scenes presented on touch screens is fornix dependent. However, scene learning is not a purely spatial task, and existing direct evidence for a fornix role in spatial memory comes exclusively from tasks involving learning about food-reward locations. Here the authors demonstrate that fornix transection impairs learning about spatial stimuli presented on touch screens. Using a new concurrent spatial discrimination learning task, they found that fornix transection did not impair recall of preoperatively learned problems. Relearning, on the other hand, was mildly impaired, and new learning was strongly impaired. New learning of smaller sets of harder problems was also markedly impaired, as was spatial configured learning. This pattern supports a functional specialization according to stimulus domain in the medial temporal lobe. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Managing Highly Dynamic Services Using Extended Temporal Network Information Models

The management of Highly Dynamic Services implies the necessity for fast reconfiguration and provisioning. One important feature for this management is its supporting information model able to capture both temporal and aggregate information. Such a model is proposed in this paper. More specifically, we address the management of Dynamic Virtual Private Networks (DVPNs) as a special case of highly dynamic services.     

Predicting natural resolution of alcohol-related problems: A prospective behavioral economic analysis.

This study investigated whether the relative allocation of discretionary monetary expenditures to alcoholic beverages versus savings (presumed to reflect relative preferences for immediate vs. delayed rewards) before quitting abusive drinking predicted natural resolution among untreated problem drinkers. Drinking, life events, income, and expenditures were assessed for the year before resolution and again 1 and 2 years later (N=50). Compared with those who relapsed, participants who remained resolved at 2 years reported proportionally more pre-resolution discretionary expenditures on savings and less on alcohol. Income and expenditures were similar across groups. The findings support the predictive utility of this functional index of relative reward preferences that operate over variable time horizons and suggest that temporal discounting is an important process in addictive behavior change. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

An Experiment in Program Composition and Proof

This paper explores a compositional approach to program specification, development and proof. We apply a theory of composition to a problem in distributed computing with the goal of understanding the strengths and weaknesses of this compositional approach. First, we describe the theory briefly. Then we give a specification of a desired system. Next, we propose a design of the desired system as a composition of components and prove its correctness. Finally, we show how the proof can be reused for a slightly different compositional structure by using the concept of observation.     

Intact perceptual and conceptual priming in temporal lobe epilepsy: Neuroanatomical and methodological implications.

Explicit memory appears to be supported by medical temporal lobe structures, whereas separate neocortical regions may mediate perceptual and conceptual implicit memory. Children and adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and matched controls were administered experimental verbal memory tests. Performance on implicit tests--word identification and word generation--was contrasted with explicit recognition and recall. Encoding conditions emphasized either conceptual or perceptual aspects of study words and were crossed with presentation modality. The priming performance of participants with TLE did not differ from controls, but participants with TLE did show deficits on recognition and recall measures. Thus, intact left temporal cortex does not appear to be necessary for normal implicit memory performance, even when conceptual processing is emphasized at study or test. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

三峡泄洪2号坝段位移场的确定性时空分布模型

应用线弹性、粘弹性有限元数值计算方法，以空间多个测点的观测资料为依据，引入测点坐标建立三峡泄洪２＃坝段空间位移场的确定性模型。该模型可以动态监测泄洪２＃坝段在任一组荷载下的位移场，以此分析和评价大坝变形性态。     

DOMAIN-INDEPENDENT TEMPORAL REASONING WITH RECURRING EVENTS

Numerous examples of temporal reasoning involve a process of abstraction from the number of times an event is to occur or the number of times events stand in a temporal relation. For example, scheduling a recurring event such as one's office hours may consider things like the relative temporal ordering of the office hours and a number of other events in a given work day. The number of times office hours will actually be held may be unknown, even irrelevant, at the time of scheduling them. The objective of this article is to formulate a domain-independent framework for reasoning about recurring events and their relations. To achieve this end, we propose an ontology of recurrence based on the model-theoretic structure underlying collective predication using plural noun phrases. We offer a calculus of binary temporal relations for temporal collections based on a well-defined transformation of interval temporal relations into recurrence relations. Finally, we describe a reasoning framework based on manipulating knowledge stored in temporal relation networks, which is in turn a specialization of the CSP (constraint satisfaction problem) framework. The reasoner manipulates recurrence relations in the network to determine the network's consistency or to generate scenarios.     

Effects of aging on absolute identification of duration.

Experiments to examine the effects of aging on the ability to identify temporal durations in an absolute identification task are reported. In Experiment 1, older adults were worse than younger adults in identifying a tone's position within a series of 6 tones of varied durations. In Experiment 2, participants were required to identify a tone's position in 9 tones of varied durations. Older adults' performance was again worse than that of younger adults; moreover, they showed a qualitatively different pattern of errors than younger adults. In Experiment 3, in which the tones varied in pitch, the performance of older adults was worse than that of younger adults, but the error patterns of the 2 groups were similar. The results suggest that older adults have distorted memory representations for durations but not for pitch. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

利用时空平均法改善DOA估计性能

在信号子空间类DOA估计算法中 ,自相关矩阵估计的优劣决定了DOA估计的性能 ,但是常规自相关矩阵估计方法是对阵列输出信号做时间平均。然而对于均匀线列阵这一特殊阵型 ,其阵列输出自相关矩阵的具有To eplitz结构。根据均匀线列阵信号的时空平稳特性 ,本文提出一种时空平均的方法来改善自相关矩阵的估计质量 ,即对阵列的自相关矩阵做时间和空间两次平均 ,从而提高了DOA估计的性参 ;仿真结果表明 :在低信噪比或低快拍数的条件下能够明显提高DOA估计性能